Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on senior dental students in Korea: Examining stress, burnout, and depression

Background/purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound and enduring impact on various aspects of society, including medical education and the training of dental students.The field of dentistry, given its nature, is particularly susceptible to the challenges posed by a pandemic.Prolonged exposure to the pandemic is believed to have increased s

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Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria during Intracellular Pathogen Infection of Mammalian Cells

Oxidative stress, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are important for innate immunity against Floor Squeegees pathogens.ROS directly attack pathogens, regulate and amplify immune signals, induce autophagy and activate inflammation.In addition, production of ROS by pathogens affects the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, leading

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